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nounAinmfhocal
1. anatomyanatamaíocht part of sb's body
2. of horse, motorbike, etc
3. of room, queue, drawer, etc:
4. automotivegluaisteánaíocht of car etc
5. area behind building
6. reverse surface
7. rear-facing part
8. at end of book etc
9. spine of book
10. clothingéadaí of garment
11. of spoon etc
12. furnituretroscán of chair, sofa
13. sportspórt player
14. in time expressions
adjectiveaidiacht
15. positioned towards rear
16. issue, number, etc
17. money: owed in arrears
18. sportspórt in reverse direction
19. street, road
verbbriathar
20. person, vehicle: reverse
21. offer, express support for
22. give financial sponsorship to
23. financeairgeadas guarantee currency etc
24. substantiate
25. place bet on
26. musicceol provide backing
27. line (reverse side of)
28. nauticalmuirí wind: change direction
29. nauticalmuirí turn sail
adverbdobhriathar
30. of movement in opposite direction
31. of return after absence
32. of return to previous situation
33. towards rear
34. once again
35. in response, retaliation
36. expressing return, restitution
37. ago
38. away, at distance of
39. nearer beginning
40. long into past
41. away from front
42. at distance
SubformsSainfhoirmeacha
PhrasesNathanna
Phrasal VerbsBriathra Frásacha
 nounAinmfhocal 1 anatomyanatamaíocht part of sb's bodydroim masc3 cmu I've injured my back tá mo dhroim gortaithe agam she has a sore back tá tinneas droma uirthi, tá an droim ag cur as di, tá a droim nimhneach he has a bad back tá a dhroim go dona he was lying on his back bhí sé ina luí ar a dhroim she was flat on her back bhí sí ar shlat a droma, bhí sí ar fhleasc a droma he was nudged in the back tugadh sonc sa droim dó he had his back to me all night bhí a dhroim iompaithe aige orm ar feadh na hoíche, bhí a chúl liom ar feadh na hoíche she was seated with her back to the door bhí sí ina suí agus a droim leis an doras aici, bhí sí ina suí agus a cúl leis an doras aicimodifierdroma gs as adj cmu back pain pian droma, pian sa droimturn your back on sb/sthput your back into sthas soon as your back is turnedput sb's back upbehind sb's backsee the back of sb/sthoff sb's backsb's back is to the wallback to back 2 of horse, motorbike, etcdroim masc3 cmucúl masc1 cmu she went there on the back of his motorbike chuaigh sí ann ar chúl a ghluaisrothair 3 of room, queue, drawer, etc:cúl masc1 cmu can you hear me at the back? an gcloiseann sibh mé ar chúl? she put the file in the back of the drawer chuir sí an comhad i gcúl an tarraiceáin he has an ulcer in the back of his mouth tá othras aige i gcúl a bhéil she's stuck at the back of the queue tá sí sáinnithe ag cúl na scuaine he nestled the ball in the back of the net neadaigh sé an liathróid i gcúl na heangaí the mobile was down at the back of the couch bhí an fón póca thíos ar chúl an toilgat the back of one's mind 4 automotivegluaisteánaíocht of car etccúl masc1 cmu she turned to the girls in the back d'iompaigh sí ar na cailíní ar chúl, thiontaigh sí chuig na cailíní sa chúl he was thrown into the back of the car caitheadh isteach i gcúl an chairr éoff the back of a lorry 5 area behind buildingcúl masc1 cmu there's a huge garden out back tá gairdín mór millteach amuigh sa chúl, tá gairdín mór millteach laistiar he heard the dog barking round the back chuala sé an madra ag tafann ar chúl 6 reverse surfacecúl masc1 cmu he wrote his name and address on the back of the envelope scríobh sé a ainm agus a sheoladh ar chúl an chlúdaigh he wiped his mouth with the back of his hand chuimil sé a bhéal le cúl a láimhe, chuimil sé droim a láimhe dá bhéallike the back of your handback to back 7 rear-facing partcúl masc1 cmu there was a large mark on the back of his head bhí marc mór ar chúl a chinnmodifiercúil gs as adj cmu the back panel is wood adhmad atá sa phainéal cúilback to frontback to back 8 at end of book etccúl masc1 cmu the notice is at the back of the magazine tá an fógra ar chúl na hirise the index is in the back of the book tá an t-innéacs i gcúl an leabhair, is ar chúl an leabhair atá an t-innéacs, is i ndeireadh an leabhair atá an t-innéacsback matter 9 spine of bookdroim masc3 cmu 10 clothingéadaí of garmentcúl masc1 cmu the skirt is very long in the back tá an sciorta an-fhada ar chúl, tá cúl an sciorta an-fhada there was a stain on the back of his shirt bhí smál ar chúl a léineback to front 11 of spoon etccúl masc1 cmu 12 furnituretroscán of chair, sofacúl masc1 cmu 13 sportspórt playercúlaí masc4 cmutaca masc4 cmu the left back is a poor defender is droch-chosantóir é an cúlaí ar chlé 14 informalneamhfhoirmeálta in time expressions at the back of tar éis cmu, i ndiaidh cmu, le cois cmu we met each other at the back of six bhuaileamar le chéile i ndiaidh a sé, bhuaileamar le chéile le cois a sé adjectiveaidiacht 15 positioned towards rearcúl- prefcúil gs as adj cmudeiridh gs as adj cmu the dentist examined the patient's back teeth scrúdaigh an fiaclóir cúlfhiacla an othair the dog had a lame back leg bhí ceann de chosa deiridh an mhadra bacach one of the back wheels is punctured tá ceann de na rothaí deiridh pollta she was sitting in the back seat bhí sí ina suí sa suíochán cúil I stayed in the back room d'fhan mé sa seomra cúil, d'fhan mé sa chúlseomraback doorback passageback straightback pocketback marker 16 issue, number, etcsean- prefiar- pref the box contains back copies of the journal tá seanchóipeanna den iris sa bhosca 17 money: owed in arrearsiar- pref the workers are demanding their back pay tá na hoibrithe ag éileamh an iarphá atá ag dul dóibh 18 usually sportspórt in reverse directioncúl- pref back somersault cúlrothlú masc 19 street, roadcúl- pref the back roads are quite dangerous here tá na cúlbhóithre contúirteach go maith anseo verbbriathar 20 person, vehicle: reverse transitiveaistreachcúlaigh verb cmubaiceáil familiargnáthúsáid verb cmu he backed the car into the parking space chúlaigh sé an carr isteach sa spás páirceála, bhaiceáil sé an carr isteach sa spás páirceála he backed her against the wall theanntaigh sé a droim i gcoinne an bhalla intransitiveneamhaistreachcúlaigh verb cmubaiceáil familiargnáthúsáid verb cmu she backed into a wall chúlaigh sí i gcoinne balla, chúlaigh sí isteach i mballaback upback offback away 21 offer, express support for transitiveaistreachtacaigh le PhrV cmu they backed the bill unanimously thacaigh siad leis an mbille d'aon ghuth the party backed the leader thacaigh an páirtí leis an gceannaire, thug an páirtí tacaíocht don cheannaire 22 give financial sponsorship to transitiveaistreachtacaíocht airgid a thabhairt do the company backed the campaign thug an comhlacht tacaíocht airgid don fheachtas 23 financeairgeadas guarantee currency etc transitiveaistreachráthaigh verb cmuráthaíocht a thabhairt do VP cmu the bank backed the loan sheas an banc leis an iasacht, ráthaigh an banc an iasacht 24 substantiate transitiveaistreachtacaigh le PhrV cmuláidrigh verb cmu the evidence backs that argument tacaíonn an fhianaise leis an argóint sin, láidríonn an fhianaise an argóint sinback up 25 place bet on transitiveaistreachgeall a chur ar he backed the favourite in the big race chuir sé geall ar rogha na coitiantachta sa rás mórback a winnerback a loserback the wrong horse 26 musicceol provide backing transitiveaistreachtionlaic verb cmu she was backed by her band bhí sí á tionlacan ag a banna ceoil 27 line (reverse side of) transitiveaistreach the seat is backed in canvas tá cúl canbháis ar an suíochán 28 nauticalmuirí wind: change direction intransitiveneamhaistreachcúlaigh verb cmu the wind backed to the north chúlaigh an ghaoth ó thuaidh 29 nauticalmuirí turn sail transitiveaistreachcúlaigh verb cmu he backed his sails chúlaigh sé a chuid seolta adverbdobhriathar 30 of movement in opposite directionar ais cmu he drove from Galway to Sligo and back thiomáin sé ó Ghaillimh go Sligeach agus ar ais I walked there and back shiúil mé ann agus as, shiúil mé ann agus ar ais she went back to the contents list chuaigh sí ar ais chuig clár na n-ábharback and forth 31 of return after absencear ais cmu welcome back! fáilte ar ais! I'll be back in a while beidh mé ar ais ar ball she wants to go back to college tá sí ag iarraidh dul ar ais chuig an gcoláiste I only had to shut my eyes and I was back in Connemara ní raibh orm ach mo shúile a dhúnadh agus bhí mé ar ais i gConamara, ní raibh orm ach mo shúile a dhúnadh agus bhí mé thiar i gConamara arís is he back at home yet? an bhfuil sé ar ais sa bhaile fós? they'll be back soon beidh siad ar ais go luath I'll never come back ní thiocfaidh mé ar ais go brách, ní thiocfaidh mé ar ais arís go deo 32 of return to previous situationar ais cmu we're back where we started táimid ar ais san áit ar thosaíomar she wants to go back to her job tá sí ag iarraidh dul ar ais go dtí a post, tá sí ag iarraidh filleadh ar a post we're back to square one again táimid ar ais ag bun an dréimire arís, táimid ar ais ar leac na mbonn arís he's back to his old self again tá sé ar ais ar a sheanléim arís hats are back in fashion again tá hataí ar ais i bhfaisean arís he's back drinking again tá sé ar ais ag ól arís, tá sé ar an ól arís 33 towards rearsiar cmu he leaned back in the chair luigh sé siar sa chathaoir she turned back to see what was wrong chas sí timpeall go bhfeicfeadh sí céard a bhí mícheart she glanced back to see if he was there bhreathnaigh sí siar féachaint an raibh sé ann, d'amharc sí ar a cúl go bhfeicfeadh sí an raibh sé ann 34 once againarís cmuar ais arísathuair cmu he's back at the wheel again tá sé ar ais ag tiomáint arís she put her slippers back on chuir sí a cuid slipéar uirthi athuair he's back in charge tá sé i gceannas athuair 35 in response, retaliationar ais cmu she was rude back to them bhí sí mímhúinte ar ais leo he answered back to the teacher thug sé aisfhreagra don mhúinteoir I never knew she loved me back ní raibh a fhios agam riamh go raibh sí i ngrá liomsa freisin she smiled at him and he smiled back rinne sí meangadh gáire leis agus rinne seisean meangadh gáire ar ais léi 'Go away!' he shouted back. 'Gread leat!' a d'fhreagair sé de bhéic. 36 expressing return, restitutionar ais cmu the package was sent back to the sender cuireadh an beart ar ais chuig an seoltóir I want my money back tá mo chuid airgid uaim ar ais 37 agoó shin cmu she came home a couple of years back tháinig sí abhaile cúpla bliain ó shin 38 away, at distance ofsiar cmu there's a petrol station a mile back tá stáisiún peitril míle siar an bóthar 39 nearer beginningsiar cmu you'll find the poem a few pages back gheobhaidh tú an dán cúpla leathanach siar 40 long into pastsiar cmuthiar cmu it happened back in 1985 tharla sé siar in 1985, tharla sé thiar in 1985 we've been friends going back to the seventies táimid cairdiúil le chéile ó bhí na seachtóidí ann 41 away from frontsiar cmu his hair was smoothed back bhí a chuid gruaige slíoctha siar her sleeves were rolled back bhí a muinchillí corntha suas, bhí a muinchillí craptha aníos 42 at distancesiar cmu the police kept the protesters back choinnigh na póilíní an lucht agóide siar SubformsSainfhoirmeacha → back-→ -backed PhrasesNathanna back and forth 1 to and frosiar agus aniaranonn agus anallsall agus anall she paced back and forth in her room shiúil sí siar agus aniar ina seomra, shiúil sí síos suas ina seomra the chair swung back and forth bhí an chathaoir ag luascadh siar agus aniar the arguments were flying back and forth bhí na hargóintí ag dul anonn is anall 2 (USSAM) repeated exchange of viewssiar agus aniaranonn agus anallsall agus anall back to back 1 people, objects: with backs touchingcúl le cúldroim le droim the two boys stood back to back bhí an bheirt bhuachaillí ina seasamh cúl le cúl 2 one after anotheri ndiaidh a chéile cmuas a chéile cmule cúl a chéile he made two back to back movies rinne sé dhá scannán i ndiaidh a chéile back to front droim ar ais cmutóin ar aghaidh he was wearing his jumper back to front bhí a gheansaí air droim ar ais to be backed up 1 the traffic was backed up for miles bhí an trácht ina thranglam ar feadh na mílte 2 traffic was backed up bhí an trácht ina thranglam, bhí an trácht ina staic to get sb off your back informalneamhfhoirmeáltaduine a chur díot 'Will you please get off my back, Seán!' 'Éist liom nóiméad, le do thoil, a Sheáin!' to keep sb off sb's back informalneamhfhoirmeálta it'll keep him off your back for a while coinneoidh sé amach uait é ar feadh tamaill to put sb's back up (also nó to get sb's back up) informalneamhfhoirmeálta cantal a chur ar dhuinecolg a chur ar dhuinecorraí a chur ar dhuine he really puts my back up cuireann sé cantal ceart orm off sb's back 1 pejorativedíspeagúil at sb's expense they're living off the backs of the poor tá siad ag teacht i dtír ar allas na mbocht 2 expressing sb's generosity he'd give you the shirt off his back thabharfadh sé an léine dá dhroim duit to see the back of sb/sth bheith réidh le duine/rud I was glad to see the back of the exams bhí mé breá sásta a bheith réidh leis na scrúduithe as soon as sb's back is turned (also nó when sb's back is turned) they started talking again as soon as her back was turned thosaigh siad ag caint arís dá luaithe agus a bhí a cúl leo, thosaigh siad ag caint arís a luaithe agus a thiontaigh sí a cúl leo behind sb's back he talks about me behind my back all the time bíonn sé ag cúlchaint orm i gcónaí, bíonn sé ag caint fúm taobh thiar de mo dhroim i gcónaí to put your back into sth informalneamhfhoirmeálta she put her back into the work chuir sí a croí agus a hanam isteach san obair I really put my back into it rinne mé mo mhíle dícheall leis to turn your back on 1 rejectcúl a thabhairt le cmudroim láimhe a thabhairt do cmu he turned his back on his family thug sé cúl lena mhuintir, thug sé droim láimhe dá mhuintir they both turned their back on each other thug siad beirt cúl le chéile 2 abandoncúl a thabhairt le cmudroim láimhe a thabhairt do cmutréig cmu they turned their back on their own language thug siad cúl lena dteanga féin, thug siad droim láimhe dá dteanga féin, thréig siad a dteanga féin at the back of sth informalneamhfhoirmeáltataobh thiar de rudlaistiar de rudar chúl ruda there's something else at the back of that decision tá rud éigin eile taobh thiar den chinneadh sin, tá rud éigin eile laistiar den chinneadh sin, tá rud éigin eile ar chúl an chinnidh sin something is at the back of it tá rud éigin taobh thiar de, tá rud éigin ar a chúl at the back of your mind i gcúl do chinnar chúl d'intinne it'd been at the back of my mind to start a business bhí sé i gcúl mo chinn agam gnó a bhunú like the back of your hand I know the place like the back of my hand tá na seacht n-aithne agam ar an áit the teacher knew the subject like the back of his hand bhí cur amach thar na bearta ag an múinteoir ar an ábhar on the back of sth 1 pejorativedíspeagúil at the expense of they're living on the backs of poor people ar na daoine bochta atá siad ag maireachtáil 2 as a result ofde bharr cmumar gheall ar cmutoisc cmusiocair cmu he was heavily criticised on the back of this bad publicity cáineadh go géar é de bharr na drochphoiblíochta seo, cáineadh go géar é mar gheall ar an drochphoiblíocht seo to be on sb's back informalneamhfhoirmeálta people are always on her back bíonn daoine i gcónaí sa mhullach uirthi, bíonn daoine i gcónaí anuas uirthi sb's back is to the wall (also nó sb's back is against the wall) the manager's back is to the wall at present tá an bainisteoir i ladhar an chasúir faoi láthair, tá lámh an bhainisteora i mbéal an mhadra faoi láthair to put something back (also nó to give sth back) he wanted to put something back bhí sé ag iarraidh cúiteamh a dhéanamh to back a winner 1 in race he backed the winner of the Gold Cup chuir sé geall ar an gcapall a bhuaigh an Corn Óir, chuir sé airgead ar bhuaiteoir an Choirn Óir 2 make profitable, successful choice everyone likes to back the winner is maith le gach duine an rogha cheart a dhéanamh to back a loser 1 in race he backed a loser in the 4.30 níor éirigh lena chapall i rás 4.30 2 make unprofitable, unsuccessful choicedrochrogha a dhéanamh to back the wrong horse 1 in racegeall a chur ar an gcapall contráilte 2 make ill-judged choicean rogha chontráilte a dhéanamhan rogha mhícheart a dhéanamh to back out of the way she backed out of the way chúlaigh sí siar amach as an mbealach the back of beyond the house is in the back of beyond tá an teach suite ar an iargúil, tá an teach suite ar an gcúlráid cheart, tá an teach ar chúl éaga, tá an teach in áit an-scoite on the back foot faoi mhíbhuntáiste they were on the back foot for most of the game bhí siad ag streachailt ar feadh an chuid is mó den chluiche off the back of a lorry informalneamhfhoirmeálta, used euphemisticallyúsáid shofhriotalach the fair was full of goods that had fallen off the back of a lorry bhí an t-aonach lán le hearraí goidte to back water (also nó to back oars) sportspórt turn oars in reverse directionan bád a chúlúsiúl a bhaint den bád he backed waters chúlaigh sé an bád, bhain sé siúl den bhád Phrasal VerbsBriathra Frásacha→ back away→ back down→ back off→ back onto→ back out→ back up
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