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pronounforainm 1 as subject of verbs► (with ordinary verbs in Irish) sé cmusí cmu Máire left the bus when it stopped d'fhág Máire an bus nuair a stop sé Peadar left the train when it stopped d'fhág Peadar an traein nuair a stop sí hit the ball when it bounces buail an liathróid nuair a phreabann sí eat your dinner while it's hot ith do dhinnéar nuair atá sé te► (with copula in Irish) é cmuí cmu get a dog when it's a puppy faigh madra nuair is coileán é watch that knife - it's a sharp one seachain an scian sin - is ceann géar í► (in passive structures) é cmuí cmu I had a bicycle but it was stolen bhí an rothar agam ach goideadh é the door was creaking before it was fixed bhí an doras ag díoscán sular deisíodh é the window cracked when it was hit scoilt an fhuinneog nuair a buaileadh í chocolate melts when it is heated leánn seacláid nuair a théitear í 2 emphatic, subject of 'be'► (referring to noun) é cmuí cmu it's the committee that appointed him is é an coiste a cheap é it's the wind that worries me is í an ghaoth atá ag cur imní orm► (referring to other people) it's you I'm trying to protect is tusa atá mé ag iarraidh a chosaint it's Áine you need to speak to is le hÁine is gá duit labhairt► (in other structures) it's not that he didn't try ní hé nach ndearna sé iarracht what is it that they want? céard atá uathu?, cad é atá siad a iarraidh?, cad atá á lorg acu? where is it she's off to again? cá bhfuil sí ag dul arís?, cá háit a bhfuil sí ag dul arís? how is it that ...? cén chaoi a ...?; cén dóigh a ...?; conas go ...? why is it that ...? cén fáth a ...?; cad chuige a ...?; cad ina thaobh go ...? 3 in weather expressions etcsé cmué cmu it's raining tá sé ag cur fearthainne, tá báisteach ann it's cold today tá sé fuar inniu it's a fine day tá lá breá ann, lá breá atá ann it was getting dark bhí sé ag éirí dorcha 4 in time or date expressionssé cmué cmu what time is it? cén t-am é?, cén t-am? what day is it? cén lá atá ann? it's seven o'clock tá sé a seacht a chlog it's early yet tá sé luath fós it's getting late tá sé ag éirí déanach, tá sé ag éirí mall it was a Saturday evening tráthnóna Sathairn a bhí ann it's 20 years since it happened tá sé 20 bliain ó tharla sé it was 1950 when Cathal was born is in 1950 a rugadh Cathal 5 in expressions of distancesé cmu how far away is it? cá fhad uainn atá sé? it's 10 miles to Galway tá sé 10 míle go Gaillimh it was further than we thought bhí sé ní b'fhaide ná a cheapamar it's a long way from home tá sé i bhfad ó bhaile 6 describing impression, appearancesé cmu it looked as if they would succeed dhealraigh sé go n-éireodh leo it sounds like she's happy tá an chuma air go bhfuil sí sásta it appears that ... dealraíonn sé go ...; is cosúil go ...; tá cuma air go ... 7 as object of verb► (direct object of verbs in Irish) é cmuí cmu the bread was fresh when I bought it bhí an t-arán úr nuair a cheannaigh mé é you'll recognise the song once you hear it aithneoidh tú an t-amhrán a luaithe a chloisfidh tú é the mirror broke as they were lifting it bhris an scáthán nuair a bhí siad á thógáil the rope will break if you pull it brisfidh an téad má tharraingíonn tú í the jacket is too tight, don't wear it tá an chasóg rótheann, ná caith í the paint gets thicker as you mix it éiríonn an phéint níos tibhe agus tú á meascadh► (with verb and preposition phrases in Irish) if you have a dog, let it run about má tá madra agat lig dó rith timpeall read the file in case they mention it léigh an comhad ar eagla go dtagróidís dó I went to the launch and really enjoyed it chuaigh mé chuig an lainseáil agus bhain mé an-sult aisti I had a key but forgot it bhí eochair agam ach rinne mé dearmad uirthi 8 as object of preposition lift that coat, my phone is under it tóg an cóta sin, tá mo ghuthán faoi leave the book back when you're finished with it fág an leabhar ar ais nuair a bheidh tú réidh leis take the car but be careful with it tóg an gluaisteán ach bí cúramach leis use that office, there's nobody in it úsáid an oifig sin, níl aon duine inti mind your knee and don't fall on it again tabhair aire do do ghlúin agus ná tit uirthi arís read the report and refer to it léigh an tuairisc agus déan tagairt di 9 object of verbs of feeling he loves it that they all get on is breá leis go réitíonn siad go léir le chéile I hate it when you don't answer is fuath liom nuair nach bhfreagraíonn tú she didn't like it when Paul wasn't there níor thaitin sé léi nuair nach raibh Pól ann 10 baby, child is it a boy or a girl? an buachaill nó cailín atá ann? it was a girl cailín a bhí ann 11 unknown person, thing who is it? cé atá ann? what was it? cad a bhí ann?, cad é a bhí ann? it's Ciara Ciara atá ann it was some strange-looking animal ainmhí aisteach de shaghas éigin a bhí ann 12 standing for phrase or clause it's hard to refuse them tá sé deacair iad a dhiúltú, is doiligh diúltú dóibh it's good that they're coming is maith go bhfuil siad ag teacht, tá sé maith go bhfuil siad ag teacht it'd be nice to be told ba dheas dá ndéarfaí leat, bheadh sé deas dá ndéarfaí leat it seems unlikely that they'll agree ní dhealraíonn sé go n-aontóidh siad, níl cuma air go n-aontóidh siad it annoys me that she's still there cuireann sé isteach orm go bhfuil sí fós ann it occurred to me that we hadn't registered rith sé liom nár chláraíomar he finds it difficult to ask for help tá sé deacair aige cúnamh a lorg it's certain that the place will close is cinnte go ndúnfaidh an áit it's not right that they have an advantage níl sé ceart go bhfuil buntáiste acu it was announced he was transferring fógraíodh go raibh sé ag aistriú it hasn't been confirmed yet that she's available níor deimhníodh fós go bhfuil sí ar fáil 13 standing for situation, concept etcsé cmué cmu► (as subject of verb) it isn't easy níl sé furasta, níl sé éasca what was it like? cé mar a bhí sé?, cad é mar a bhí sé?, conas a bhí sé? I hope it works tá súil agam go n-oibreoidh sé it won't happen again ní tharlóidh sé arís it's an absolute disgrace is náire shaolta é► (as object of verb or preposition) they won't do it again ní dhéanfaidh siad arís é I can't stand it níl mé in ann cur suas leis, níl mé ábalta é a fhulaingt I don't believe it ní chreidim é she's taking it easy tá sí á thógáil go réidh stop it! éirigh as! he thinks he knows it all síleann sé go bhfuil deireadh gach eolais aige I don't believe in it ní chreidim ann let us deal with it lig dúinne déileáil leis I'll apply for it cuirfidh mé isteach air that's only the start of it níl ann sin ach a thúsbe itthat's just itthink one is it 14 placesé cmusí cmué cmuí cmu 'Where is Lough Derg?' 'It's in Donegal.' 'Cá bhfuil Loch Dearg?' 'Tá sé i dTír Chonaill.' that's Scotland over there, can you see it? sin Albain thall ansin, an bhfeiceann tú í? 15 informalneamhfhoirmeálta necessary qualitysé cmué cmu either you've got it or you haven't tá sé agat nó níl sé agat 16 informalneamhfhoirmeálta alluresé cmué cmu she still has it tá mealladh na bhfear inti fós 17 very informalan-neamhfhoirmeálta sexsé cmué cmu did you do it with him? an ndearna tú leis é?, ar bhuail tú craiceann leis? 18 (also nó 'it') in children's chasing game who's 'it'? cé atá 'air'? PhrasesNathanna to be it informalneamhfhoirmeáltasin ésin sin that's it, I'm finished sin é, táimse críochnaithe; sin sin, tá mise réidh that seems to be it tá cuma air gur sin sin, dealraíonn sé gur sin é that's it from us sin sin uainne that's just it informalneamhfhoirmeáltasin go díreach ésin é an rud that's just it, I wasn't there sin é an rud, ní raibh mé ann to think you're it informalneamhfhoirmeálta he thinks he's it ceapann sé gurb é togha na rogha é, síleann sé nach bhfuil a leithéid eile ann, ceapann sé gurbh é a rug é féin

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