conjunctioncónasc1while, whenthey chat as they runbíonn siad ag caint agus iad ag rith, bíonn siad ag caint agus ag rith ag an am céannahe came in as I was leavingtháinig sé isteach agus mé ag imeacht2becausede bharrcmude bhrícmucionn iscmuóircmutoisccmuI had to go home as I was sickbhí orm dul abhaile toisc go raibh mé tinn, bhí orm dul abhaile mar go raibh mé tinnas there's no heating, the school is closed todayde bhrí nach bhfuil aon teas ann, tá an scoil druidte inniu; toisc nach bhfuil aon teas ann, tá an scoil dúnta inniu3referring to sth known or statedas everyone knowsmar is eol do chách, faoi mar is eol do cháchas we have seenmar a chonaiceamar4in way thatoften in the phrase 'as usual': see phrase block belowmarcmushe'd fight, as she had fought beforethroidfeadh sí, mar a throid sí cheana; throidfeadh sí, an dóigh ar throid sí roimheas shown in the table belowmar a léirítear sa tábla thíoshe'll do it, just as his own father diddéanfaidh sé é, go díreach mar a rinne a athair féin; déanfaidh sé é, dála a athar roimhe5althoughstrong as he isdá láidre é, láidir agus mar atá sémuch as I respect himcé gur mór mo mheas air, cé mór mo mheas airmuch as I love you, dear, ...dá mhéad mo ghrá duit, a chroí, ...try as she might, she wouldn't succeední éireodh léi in ainneoin a díchill; dá mhéad iarrachta a dhéanfadh sí, ní éireodh léi; dá gcuirfeadh sí a caolán amach, ní éireodh léiprepositionréamhfhocal6in instance, capacity ofmarcmuas a fair testmar thriail chothromshe worked as a teacherd'oibrigh sí mar mhúinteoirspeaking as his son, I'd like to say that ...ós mé a mhac, ba mhaith liom a rá go ...7as way of viewing, consideringmarcmuI took it as a personal attackghlac mé leis mar ionsaí pearsantait could be regarded as a crimed'fhéadfaí breathnú air mar choirhe's described as being a clever personcuirtear síos air mar dhuine cliste, cuirtear síos dó gur duine cliste éit came as a shock to mebhain sé croitheadh asam8at stage of lifemarcmua photo of me as a childgrianghraf díom agus mé i mo pháistehe started as an old manthosaigh sé nuair a bhí sé ina sheanduine, thosaigh sé agus é ina fhear críonna, thosaigh sé ina sheanfhear dó9in role ofmarcmuwith Peter O'Toole as Hamletagus Peter O'Toole i bpáirt Hamletdressed as a cowboygléasta mar a bheadh buachaill bó ann, feistithe ar nós buachaill bópronounforainm10informalneamhfhoirmeáltameaning 'who/which/that'them as are working thereiad sin atá ag obair annPhrasesNathannaas againsti gcomórtas lecmule taobhcmuI got €80 today as against €100 yesterdayfuair mé €80 inniu i gcomórtas le €100 inné, fuair mé €80 inniu le taobh €100 innéas formaidir lecmui dtaca lecmuas for the concert itselfmaidir leis an gceolchoirm féin, i dtaca leis an gceolchoirm féin deas ofas of last Sundayó bhí an Domhnach seo caite annthe balance of your account as of 31 Decemberiarmhéid do chuntais ar an 31 Nollaigas of 1 Januaryón 1 Eanáir amachas of now, drink is banned in this housetá cosc ar an ól sa teach seo feasta; as seo amach, tá cosc ar an ól sa teach seoas of now, I have no plansníl pleananna ar bith agam san am i láthair, níl aon phleananna agam ag an bpointe seoas perde réircmuas per the Anglo-Irish Agreementde réir an Chomhaontaithe Angla-Éireannaigh, faoi mar atá leagtha amach sa Chomhaontú Angla-Éireannachas tomaidir lecmui dtaca lecmuthe novel is interesting as to its themetá an t-úrscéal suimiúil ó thaobh téama de, tá an t-úrscéal spéisiúil i dtaca lena théamaI questioned him as to his views on the mattercheistigh mé é faoina dhearcadh ar an scéalwe have no explanation to offer as to how she diední féidir linn a mhíniú cén chaoi ar bhásaigh síthere's doubt as to whether he's in the house or nottáthar in amhras cé acu atá sé sa teach nó nach bhfuilas well aschomh maith lecmumar aon lele coiscmuthey have a shop in Newry as well as a restaurant in Dundalktá siopa acu ar an Iúr chomh maith le bialann i nDún Dealgan, tá siopa acu ar an Iúr mar aon le bialann i nDún Dealganas well as being interesting, it was freele cois é a bheith suimiúil, bhí sé saor in aisceas ... as1in comparisonsas often as possiblechomh minic agus is féidir, a mhinice agus is féidirtheir habits are as varied as their habitatstá a nósanna chomh líonmhar lena ngnáthógaeat as much as you canith a oiread agus a thig leatcollect as much information as possiblebailigh a oiread eolais agus is féidiryou paid twice as much as medhíol tú a dhá oiread liom féinhe's as young as Johntá sé chomh hóg le Seánshe's twice as strong as metá sí dhá uair níos láidre ná mé, tá sí dhá uair chomh láidir liomhe's just as clever as hertá sé lán chomh cliste léiit wasn't half as bad as I thought it'd bení raibh sé leath chomh holc agus a shíl mé a bheadh séis it as large as that?an bhfuil sé chomh mór sin?it's as white as snowtá sé chomh bán le sneachta2for emphasisas early as 1955chomh luath le 1955as many as 70,000 attended the matchbhí suas le 70,000 ag an gcluiche; bhí a oiread le 70,000 ag an gcluicheas and whenwe'll be in contact as and when we get further informationbeimid i dteagmháil chomh luath agus a gheobhaimid tuilleadh eolaiswe'll do that as and when the need arisesdéanfaimid sin nuair a bheidh gá leisas soon asas soon as she got the resultschomh luath agus a fuair sí na torthaí, a luaithe a fuair sí na torthaíso as to1in order toionascmuhe went out early so as to come home earlychuaigh sé amach go luath ionas go dtiocfadh sé abhaile go luathI sent it today so as to ensure you'd get it in timechuir mé chugat inné é lena chinntiú go bhfaighfeá in am é2in such way as tochuncmulecmuthey rearranged the timetable so as to include new subjectsd'atheagraigh siad an clár ama chun ábhair nua a chur san áireamhas such1as the thing mentionedthat's praise and take it as suchsin moladh agus glac leis mar sin, sin moladh agus glac leis dá réirthe job as such was boringbhí an post ann féin leadránachshe's highly qualified and, as such, is well paidtá sí an-cháilithe agus, mar sin, íoctar go maith í; tá sí an-cháilithe agus díoltar go maith í dá réir2exactly: used in negativesthere's no central theme as suchníl príomhthéama ar bith ann i ndáiríre, níl príomhthéama ar bith ann le fírinneI'm not a beginner as suchní foghlaimeoir mé go fírinneach, ní foghlaimeoir ceart méas if1 (also nó as though)suggesting sthamhail isit looks as if they're going to losetá an chuma air go bhfuil siad ag dul a chailleadh, is cosúil go bhfuil siad ag dul ag cailleadhshe looked at me as if to say ...d'amharc sí orm amhail is dá mbeadh sí ag rá ...2 (also nó as though)in contradiction to real situationit hurt him, but he laughed as if he didn't careghortaigh sé é ach rinne sé gáire amhail is dá mba chuma leis, ghortaigh sé é ach rinne sé gáire ionann is gur chuma leishe spoke to him as if he were a childlabhair sé leis amhail is gur páiste é, labhair sé leis faoi mar a labhrófá le páiste3introducing unlikelihood of sthas if anyone would believe that!i leith is go gcreidfeadh aon duine é sin!, a rá is go gcreidfeadh duine ar bith é sin!4as exclamation of disbeliefinformalneamhfhoirmeáltaas if!cinnte!, slán beo linn!as a result (also nó as a consequence)de bharrcmuI left as a resultd'imigh mé dá bharr sinas a result of that winde bharr an bhua sin, de thairbhe an bhua sinas a result of the accidentde bharr na timpiste, de dheasca na timpisteas usualmar is gnáchmar is iondúilas per usualinformalneamhfhoirmeáltamar is gnáchmar is iondúilhe comes in late, as per usualtagann sé isteach go mall, mar is gnách; tagann sé isteach go déanach, mar is nós leisas yetfóscmugo fóillcmugo dtí seoas ismar atámar a fhaightear émar a fheiceann tú éas is/does/hasI was up by then, as was everyone elsebhí mé i mo shuí faoin am sin, mar a bhí gach duine eileshe works in Belfast, as does her brothertá sí ag obair i mBéal Feirste, ar nós a dearthár; tá sí ag obair i mBéal Feirste, dála a deartháras it is1way things actually aremar atá séthe estimate was €300: as it is, it'll be dearerba é €300 an meastachán: mar a tharlaíonn sé, beidh sé níos daoire; ba é €300 an meastachán: mar atá sé, beidh sé níos daoire; ba é €300 an meastachán: faoi mar atá an scéal, beidh sé níos daoire2alreadywe have enough problems as it istá go leor fadhbanna againn mar atá, tá go leor fadhbanna againn cheana féinas it werethe issue was never black and white, as it werení raibh an cheist riamh dubh agus bán, mar a déarfáit's not as ifit's not as if I'm an outsiderní hamhlaidh gur strainséir méit's not as if she hadn't been toldní hé nár insíodh di, ní hamhlaidh nár insíodh dias all get out (especially USSAM), informalneamhfhoirmeáltahe was as angry as all get outbhí sé chomh feargach lena bhfaca tú riamhthe same as1exactly likeI have a jumper the same as yourstá geansaí agamsa atá mar an gcéanna le do cheannsayou got the same as mefuair tú an rud céanna liomsashe has the same surname as youtá an sloinne céanna uirthi leat féinhe's the same age as metá sé ar comhaois liomI was in the same class as himbhí mé in aon rang leis2in same way aswe have the odd maniac, the same as every other towntá corrghealt againn, mar atá i ngach baile eileI got up early, just the same as I did yesterdayd'éirigh mé go luath, go díreach mar a rinne mé inné; d'éirigh mé go moch, dála mar a rinne mé innéI'm thinking the same as youtá mé ag smaoineamh ar an dóigh chéanna leatsaas you doinformalneamhfhoirmeálta, used ironicallyúsáid íoróntamar a dhéanfadh duinemar a dhéanfá